The following information about ionization smoke alarms was provide by the Kent Fire Department.

What is an ionization smoke alarm?

• An ionization smoke alarm is one which utilizes a minute amount of radioactive material in the smoke sensor instead of the beam of light found in a photoelectric smoke alarm. Ionization smoke alarms are inexpensive to manufacture and are the most common type found in residences.

Do ionization alarms pose a health risk?

• Ionization alarms contain about .000007 ounce of the radioactive material Americium 241. This very small amount does not pose a health hazard as long as the smoke alarm is not disassembled.

How can I tell if my house has an ionization smoke alarm?

• Ionization alarms have a label on the upward face (the side against the ceiling) stating that they utilize ionization technology and often have a version of the international symbol for radiation.

Do ionization smoke alarms require any type of battery?

• All smoke alarms require a nine-volt battery to power them or, if they are hardwired into the household electrical system, as a back-up in the event of a power outage. The nine-volt battery should be replaced annually.

What is the life span of an ionization smoke alarm?

• All smoke alarms have a life span of approximately 10 years. After that time their ability to detect smoke and alert you to the fire greatly diminishes. Always use a qualified installer when replacing hardwired smoke alarms. Read and follow the installation and care instructions that come with the smoke alarm.

How can I dispose of old ionization alarms?

• According to Rabanco Inc., a local waste disposal company, ionization smoke alarms can be thrown out as part of your normal garbage, but should be taken to a recycling station for disposal when possible. Americium 241 can have long-term effects on people and the environment when in landfills. Contact your local waste disposal company for more information.

Which type of smoke alarm is best to have in the home?

• Each type has its advantages. Ionization alarms are better at detecting fast burning fires such as a stovetop fire, while photoelectric alarms are better at detecting smoldering fires like a cigarette in a wastepaper basket.

Is there an alarm that has both types of sensors?

• Yes. Most home improvement stores sell dual sensor smoke alarms that contain both ionization and photoelectric technology. This type of double protection is recommended by many fire and life safety groups because it offers warning against both slow and fast burning fires. They are available in both battery powered and hardwired versions.

Which brand is the best?

• There are many smoke alarm manufacturers. The most important thing to look for when buying a smoke alarm is making sure that it has an Underwriters Laboratory (UL) label of approval. This means that the smoke alarm has undergone rigorous testing by an impartial third party and has met a standard for performance and safety.